Adiabatic, an adjective used to tell a condition or something relating a process where heat remains in a system. "An adiabatic compression of perfect gases."

Abrupt climate changes - "An abrupt climate change is a sudden and significant shift in some aspect of the climate." Example, sitting in a canoe, you lean too far to retrieve a dropped oar; you pass a critical threshold and the canoe flips over. You are now in the river unable to right your canoe.

Albedo- From the Latin word for whiteness. Albedco serves to reflect sunlight back into space. Warming land surfaces (agriculture, deforestation) and ocean warming create feed-back loops leading to increased ice and snow melt.

Anthropocene - The geological period of human dominance of Earth's climate and environment.

Celsius -

Faherenheit

Periapsis - Nearest and farthest points in a planetary body's orbit.

Global Ocean Warming - Direct solar energy and atmospheric heat mix easily with ocean's top layer (600 feet); the lower 95 percent warms slow in human terms. The lower layer takes about 3,000 years to mix and come to equilibrium with the top layer and atmospehre. Dessler - - See Other Climate Investigations

Killer Oeans - Five oceans undergoing physical and chemical changes more rapidly than life can adapt. Human greenhouse gas emissions produce rapid ocean warming and rapid acidification; plastic pollution poisons, sea life, including Arctic plankton. Only within a human context do Earth's oceans become "killer oceans," during the anthropocene..

lag time - A period of time between greenhouse gas emissions and planet warming. Greenhouse effect lags behind CO2 emissions, for example; hence, today greenhouse gas emissions are "in the pipeline" and inevitable for centuries, also known as committed warming.

Obliquity - Neither a right angle nor parallel

Milankovitch cycles, Milutin Milankovitch - Serbian mathemtician credited for to discover the role of Earth's orbit and growth of the ice-ages.

Moraine (debris): Four types of moraines:: lateral moraines, medial moraines, supraglacial moraines, and terminal moraines. Lateral moraines form next to glaciers, alongside. Till consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders form from grinding movements of glaciers. Resulting sediments from moraines give evidence of glacier growth and retreat.

Perihelion - The nearest point to the Sun in a planet's movement around the Sun.

Radiative Forcing (climate forcing) - The most important climate science idea. The difference between energy absorbed by the earth and energy ratiated back into space. Radiative " forcing is defined as the response to an instantaneous change, before the temperature of the planet has adjusted to the change."

Younger Dryas -

Subarial - Existing on Earth's surface, not below ground, under water.

Dessler, Andrew E.. Introduction to Modern Climate Change (p. 93). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.

 

 

Latiude -

In Humboldt's geography, latitude shows a geographic coordinate. Such coordinates tell north–south positions of a point on the Earth's surface. An angle, 90° (North or South) at the poles and 0° at the equator. Latitude Lines run parallel, east to west. We see latitude lines as circles between Earth's poles.

notes

 

Hiawatha Impact Crator